Kuphi ukulahleka kwesikhululo samandla e-photovoltaic?

Ukulahleka kwesikhululo samandla esekelwe kwi-photovoltaic array absorption loss kunye nokulahlekelwa kwe-inverter
Ukongeza kwimpembelelo yezinto zobutyebi, ukuveliswa kwezityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic nako kuchaphazeleka ngokulahleka kwemveliso yesikhululo samandla kunye nezixhobo zokusebenza. Inkulu ilahleko yesixhobo sesikhululo samandla, kokukhona sisincinci ukuveliswa kombane. Ukulahleka kwezixhobo zesikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic ikakhulu kubandakanya iindidi ezine: i-photovoltaic square array absorption loss, ilahleko ye-inverter, umgca wokuqokelela amandla kunye nokulahleka kwebhokisi ye-transformer, ukulahleka kwesikhululo se-booster, njl.

(1) Ilahleko yokufunxa ye-photovoltaic array yilahleko yamandla ukusuka kwi-photovoltaic array ngokusebenzisa ibhokisi yokudibanisa ukuya kwi-DC igalelo ekupheleni kwe-inverter, kubandakanywa ilahleko yecandelo le-photovoltaic lokusilela, ilahleko yokukhusela, ilahleko ye-angle, ilahleko yentambo ye-DC, kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesebe lebhokisi lokudibanisa;
(2) Ukulahlekelwa kwe-inverter kubhekisela ekulahlekelweni kwamandla okubangelwa yi-inverter DC kwi-AC ukuguqulwa, kubandakanywa ukulahleka kwe-inverter yokuguqulwa kokusebenza kakuhle kunye ne-MPPT ubuninzi bokulahlekelwa kwamandla okulandela umkhondo;
(3) Umgca wokuqokelela amandla kunye nokulahlekelwa kwebhokisi ye-transformer yilahleko yamandla ukusuka kwi-AC igalelo ekupheleni kwe-inverter ngokusebenzisa i-transformer yebhokisi ukuya kumitha yamandla yesebe ngalinye, kubandakanywa nokulahleka kwe-inverter outlet, ilahleko yokuguqulwa kwebhokisi yebhokisi kunye nokulahleka komgca we-in-plant;
(4) Ilahleko yesikhululo sonyuso yilahleko esuka kwimitha yombane yesebe ngalinye ngesikhululo sonyuso ukuya kwimitha yesango, kubandakanywa ilahleko yesiguquli esingundoqo, ilahleko yesiguquli sesikhululo, ilahleko yebhasi kunye nenye ilahleko yomzila wesikhululo.

Emva kokuhlalutya idatha ye-Oktobha yezityalo ezintathu zamandla e-photovoltaic kunye nempumelelo ebanzi ye-65% ukuya kwi-75% kunye nomthamo ofakwe kwi-20MW, i-30MW kunye ne-50MW, iziphumo zibonisa ukuba ukulahleka kwe-photovoltaic array absorption kunye nokulahlekelwa kwe-inverter zizinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukuveliswa kwesikhululo samandla. Phakathi kwabo, i-photovoltaic array ine-absorption ilahleko enkulu, ibalwa malunga ne-20 ~ 30%, ilandelwa yilahleko ye-inverter, i-akhawunti malunga ne-2 ~ 4%, ngelixa umgca wokuqokelela amandla kunye nokulahleka kwebhokisi ye-transformer kunye nokulahleka kwesikhululo se-booster kuncinci, kunye nenani elipheleleyo malunga ne-Accounted malunga ne-2%.
Uhlalutyo olongezelelweyo lwesikhululo samandla se-photovoltaic esikhankanywe ngasentla se-30MW, utyalo-mali lokwakha lumalunga ne-400 yezigidi zeeyuan. Ilahleko yombane yesikhululo samandla ngo-Okthobha ibe yi-2,746,600 kWh, ibala i-34.8% yokuveliswa kombane kwithiyori. Ukuba ibalwe kwi-1.0 yuan nge-kilowatt-yure, iyonke ngo-Oktobha Ilahleko yayiyi-4,119,900 yuan, eyayinempembelelo enkulu kwiinzuzo zoqoqosho zesikhululo samandla.

Indlela yokunciphisa ilahleko yesikhululo samandla e-photovoltaic kunye nokwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla
Phakathi kweentlobo ezine zokulahleka kwezixhobo ze-photovoltaic power plant, ilahleko yomgca wokuqokelela kunye nebhokisi ye-transformer kunye nokulahlekelwa kwesikhululo se-booster ngokuqhelekileyo kuhambelana ngokusondeleyo nokusebenza kwezixhobo ngokwazo, kwaye ilahleko izinzile. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba izixhobo ziyahluleka, ziya kubangela ukulahlekelwa okukhulu kwamandla, ngoko ke kuyimfuneko ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwayo okuqhelekileyo kunye nokuzinza. Kwi-photovoltaic arrays kunye ne-inverters, ilahleko inokuncitshiswa ngokwakhiwa kwangaphambili kunye nokusebenza kamva kunye nokugcinwa. Uhlalutyo oluthile lulandelayo.

(1) Ukungaphumeleli kunye nokulahlekelwa kweemodyuli ze-photovoltaic kunye nezixhobo zebhokisi zokudibanisa
Kukho izixhobo ezininzi ze-photovoltaic power plant. I-30MW iplanti yamandla e-photovoltaic kulo mzekelo ungasentla ineebhokisi ze-combiner ezingama-420, nganye inamasebe angama-16 (amasebe angama-6720 ewonke), kwaye isebe ngalinye linamapaneli angama-20 (iibhetri ze-134,400) Ibhodi), isixa esipheleleyo sesixhobo sikhulu. Okukhona lilikhulu inani, kokukhona liphezulu ukuphindaphindeka kokusilela kwesixhobo kwaye kokukhona ilahleko enkulu yamandla. Iingxaki eziqhelekileyo zibandakanya ukutshiswa kweemodyuli ze-photovoltaic, umlilo kwibhokisi ye-junction, iipaneli zebhetri ezaphukileyo, i-welding yobuxoki ye-lead, iimpazamo kwisiphaluka sesebe lebhokisi lokudibanisa, njl.n Umgangatho wezixhobo zesikhululo samandla unxulumene nomgangatho, kubandakanywa umgangatho wezixhobo zomzi-mveliso, ukufakwa kwezixhobo kunye nolungiselelo oluhlangabezana nemigangatho yoyilo, kunye nomgangatho wokwakha wesikhululo samandla. Kwelinye icala, kuyafuneka ukuba kuphuculwe inqanaba lokusebenza ngobukrelekrele besikhululo samandla kunye nokuhlalutya idatha yokusebenza ngeendlela ezincedisayo ezikrelekrele ukufumanisa ngexesha lomthombo weFault, ukwenza i-point-to-point troubleshooting, ukuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle komsebenzi kunye nokugcinwa kwabasebenzi, kunye nokunciphisa ilahleko yesikhululo samandla.
(2) Ukulahlekelwa ngumthunzi
Ngenxa yezinto ezifana ne-angle yokufakela kunye nokucwangciswa kweemodyuli ze-photovoltaic, ezinye iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic zivaliwe, ezichaphazela amandla ombane we-photovoltaic array kwaye zikhokelela ekulahlekeni kwamandla. Ngoko ke, ngexesha loyilo kunye nokwakhiwa kwesikhululo samandla, kuyimfuneko ukukhusela iimodyuli ze-photovoltaic ukuba zibe emthunzini. Ngelo xesha, ukwenzela ukunciphisa umonakalo kwiimodyuli ze-photovoltaic yi-hot spot phenomenon, isixa esifanelekileyo se-bypass diodes kufuneka sifakwe ukwahlula umtya webhetri kwiindawo ezininzi, ukwenzela ukuba i-voltage yentambo yebhetri kunye ne-current ilahlekile ngokulinganayo ukunciphisa ukulahleka kombane.

(3) Ukulahleka kwe-engile
I-angle inclination ye-photovoltaic array iyahluka ukusuka kwi-10 ° ukuya kwi-90 ° kuxhomekeke kwinjongo, kwaye i-latitude idla ngokukhethwa. Ukukhethwa kwe-angle kuchaphazela ukunyanzeliswa kwemisebe yelanga kwelinye icala, kwaye ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuveliswa kwamandla kweemodyuli ze-photovoltaic kuchaphazeleka kwizinto ezifana nothuli kunye nekhephu. Ilahleko yamandla ebangelwa sigqubuthelo sekhephu. Ngexesha elifanayo, i-angle yeemodyuli ze-photovoltaic inokulawulwa ngeendlela ezincedisayo ezihlakaniphile ukulungelelanisa utshintsho lwamaxesha kunye nemozulu, kunye nokwandisa amandla okuvelisa amandla kwisikhululo samandla.
(4) Ilahleko ye-inverter
Ukulahleka kwe-inverter kubonakaliswe ngokukodwa kwiinkalo ezimbini, enye ilahleko ebangelwa ukuguqulwa kokusebenza kakuhle kwe-inverter, kwaye enye ilahleko ebangelwa yi-MPPT ubuninzi bokukwazi ukulandelela amandla e-inverter. Zomibini iinkalo zichongwa ngokusebenza kwe-inverter ngokwayo. Inzuzo yokunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwe-inverter ngokusebenza kamva kunye nokugcinwa kuncinci. Ngoko ke, ukukhethwa kwezixhobo kwinqanaba lokuqala lokwakhiwa kwesikhululo samandla kuvaliwe, kwaye ilahleko iyancitshiswa ngokukhetha i-inverter ngokusebenza okungcono. Kwinqanaba lakamva lokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa, idatha yokusebenza ye-inverter inokuqokelelwa kwaye ihlalutywe ngeendlela ezikrelekrele ukubonelela ngenkxaso yesigqibo sokukhethwa kwezixhobo zesikhululo samandla esitsha.

Ukususela kolu hlalutyo olungentla, kunokubonwa ukuba ilahleko iya kubangela ilahleko enkulu kwizityalo zamandla e-photovoltaic, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kwendawo yombane kufuneka kuphuculwe ngokunciphisa ilahleko kwiindawo eziphambili kuqala. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, izixhobo zokwamkelwa ezisebenzayo zisetyenziselwa ukuqinisekisa umgangatho wezixhobo kunye nokwakhiwa kwesikhululo samandla; kwelinye icala, kwinkqubo yokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwesikhululo samandla, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa iindlela zokuncedisa ezikrelekrele ukuphucula umgangatho wemveliso kunye nokusebenza kwesikhululo samandla kunye nokwandisa ukuveliswa kwamandla.