Okwangoku, inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic yaseChina ikakhulu yinkqubo ye-DC, ekuhlawulela amandla ombane avela kwibhetri yelanga, kwaye ibhetri inika amandla ngokuthe ngqo kumthwalo. Umzekelo, inkqubo yokukhanyisa kwindlu yelanga kuMntla-ntshona weTshayina kunye nenkqubo yonikezelo lwamandla kwisikhululo semicrowave kude negridi zonke ziyinkqubo yeDC. Olu hlobo lwenkqubo lunesakhiwo esilula kunye neendleko eziphantsi. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa yomthwalo ohlukeneyo wombane we-DC (ofana ne-12V, 24V, 48V, njl. njl.), kunzima ukufezekisa umgangatho kunye nokuhambelana kwenkqubo, ngakumbi kumandla oluntu, njengoko uninzi lwemithwalo ye-AC isetyenziswa ngamandla e-DC. . Kunzima ukuba umbane we-photovoltaic unikeze umbane wokungena kwimarike njengempahla yokuthengisa. Ukongezelela, ukuveliswa kwamandla e-photovoltaic ekugqibeleni kuya kufezekisa ukusebenza kwegridi edibeneyo, ekufuneka ithathe imodeli yemarike evuthiweyo. Kwixesha elizayo, iinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla e-AC photovoltaic ziya kuba yinto ephambili yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic.
Iimfuno zenkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic kunikezelo lwamandla ombane
Inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic usebenzisa i-AC power output iqulethwe ngamacandelo amane: i-photovoltaic array, i-charge and discharge controller, ibhetri kunye ne-inverter (inkqubo yokuvelisa umbane edityanisiweyo ingagcina ngokubanzi ibhetri), kwaye i-inverter iyona nto ibalulekileyo. I-Photovoltaic ineemfuno eziphezulu zee-inverters:
1. Ukusebenza okuphezulu kuyafuneka. Ngenxa yexabiso eliphezulu leeseli zelanga okwangoku, ukwenzela ukwandisa ukusetyenziswa kweeseli zelanga kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwenkqubo, kuyimfuneko ukuzama ukuphucula ukusebenza kwe-inverter.
2. Ukuthembeka okuphezulu kuyafuneka. Okwangoku, iinkqubo zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo ezikude, kwaye izikhululo zamandla ezininzi azikhathalelwanga kwaye zigcinwe. Oku kufuna ukuba i-inverter ibe nolwakhiwo lwesekethe olufanelekileyo, ukhetho olungqongqo lwecandelo, kwaye lufuna ukuba inverter ibe nemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo yokhuseleko, njengegalelo lonxibelelwano lwe-DC Polarity, imveliso ye-AC yokukhusela isiphaluka esifutshane, ukufudumeza, ukukhuselwa komthwalo ogqithisileyo, njl.
3. I-voltage ye-DC yokufaka iyadingeka ukuze ibe noluhlu olubanzi lokuhlengahlengiswa. Ekubeni i-terminal voltage yebhetri itshintsha kunye nomthwalo kunye nobukhulu bokukhanya kwelanga, nangona ibhetri inefuthe elibalulekileyo kwi-voltage yebhetri, i-voltage yebhetri iguquguquka ngokutshintsha kwamandla aseleyo ebhetri kunye nokuchasana kwangaphakathi. Ngokukodwa xa ibhetri iguga, i-terminal voltage yayo iyahluka kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, i-terminal voltage ye-12 V ibhetri ingahluka ukusuka kwi-10 V ukuya kwi-16 V. Oku kufuna ukuba i-inverter isebenze kwi-DC enkulu Ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo ngaphakathi koluhlu lwe-voltage yegalelo kwaye uqinisekise ukuzinza kwe-voltage ye-AC yokuphuma.
4. Kwinkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ephakathi kunye nomthamo omkhulu, ukukhutshwa kombane oguquguqukayo kufuneka kube yi-sine wave kunye nokuphazamiseka okuncinci. Oku kungenxa yokuba kwiinkqubo zomthamo ophakathi kunye nobukhulu, ukuba amandla e-square wave asetyenzisiweyo, imveliso iya kuba nezixhobo ezininzi ze-harmonic, kwaye i-harmonics ephezulu iya kuvelisa ilahleko eyongezelelweyo. Iinkqubo ezininzi zokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic zilayishwe ngonxibelelwano okanye izixhobo zesixhobo. Isixhobo sineemfuno eziphezulu kumgangatho wegridi yamandla. Xa inkqubo yokuvelisa amandla e-photovoltaic ephakathi kunye nobukhulu obukhulu idityaniswe kwigridi, ukuze kuthintelwe ukungcoliseka kwamandla kunye negridi yoluntu, i-inverter nayo iyafuneka ukuba ikhuphe i-sine wave yangoku.
I-inverter iguqula umsinga othe ngqo kwi-alternating current. Ukuba i-voltage ethe ngqo yangoku iphantsi, inyuswa yi-transformer yangoku etshintshayo ukuze ifumane i-standard alternating current voltage and frequency. Kwii-inverters ezinomthamo omkhulu, ngenxa yombane webhasi ye-DC ephezulu, imveliso ye-AC ngokubanzi ayifuni i-transformer yokunyusa i-voltage ukuya kwi-220V. Kwi-inverters ephakathi kunye nencinci, i-voltage ye-DC iphantsi, njenge-12V, i-24V, i-boost circuit kufuneka iyilwe. Ii-inverters ezinomthamo ophakathi kunye nomncinci ngokubanzi zibandakanya i-push-pull inverter circuits, i-full-bridge inverter circuits kunye ne-high-frequency boost inverter circuits. Iisekethe zokutyhala-tsala ziqhagamshela iplagi engathathi hlangothi ye-boost transformer kunikezelo lwamandla olulungileyo, kunye neityhubhu zamandla ezimbini Umsebenzi omnye, umbane we-AC ophumayo, kuba ii-transistors zamandla ziqhagamshelwe kumhlaba oqhelekileyo, iisekethe zokuqhuba kunye nolawulo zilula, kwaye ngenxa yokuba i-transformer ine-inductance ethile yokuvuza, inokukhawulela i-short-circuit current, ngaloo ndlela iphucula ukuthembeka kwesiphaluka. Ukungalungi kukuba ukusetyenziswa kwe-transformer kuphantsi kwaye ukukwazi ukuqhuba imithwalo ye-inductive kubi.
Isekethe ye-inverter yebhulorho epheleleyo inqoba iintsilelo zesekethe ye-push-pull. I-transistor yamandla ihlengahlengisa ububanzi be-pulse ye-output, kunye nexabiso elisebenzayo le-voltage ye-AC yemveliso iyatshintsha ngokufanelekileyo. Kuba isekethe ine-loop yasimahla, nokuba imithwalo ye-inductive, i-voltage waveform ayizukugqwethwa. Ukungalungi kwesi sekethi kukuba i-transistors yamandla eengalo eziphezulu kunye nezantsi azihlanganisi umhlaba, ngoko ke isekethe ye-drive ezinikeleyo okanye umbane ozimeleyo kufuneka usetyenziswe. Ukongezelela, ukwenzela ukuthintela ukuqhutyelwa okuqhelekileyo kweengalo zebhulorho eziphezulu kunye nezantsi, isiphaluka kufuneka siyilwe ukuba sivaliwe kwaye sivulwe, oko kukuthi, ixesha lokufa kufuneka libekwe, kwaye isakhiwo sesiphaluka sinzima ngakumbi.
Imveliso ye-push-pull circuit kunye ne-full-bridge circuit kufuneka idibanise i-step-up transformer. Ngenxa yokuba i-transformer ye-step-up inkulu ngobukhulu, iphantsi ekusebenzeni, kwaye ibiza kakhulu, kunye nophuhliso lwe-electronics yamandla kunye ne-microelectronics technology, iteknoloji yokuguqula i-high-frequency step-up-conversion isetyenziselwa ukufezekisa umva Iyakwazi ukuqaphela inverter yoxinaniso lwamandla aphezulu. Isekhethi yenqanaba elingaphambili le-inverter yesekethe ithatha i-push-pull structure, kodwa i-frequency yokusebenza ingaphezulu kwe-20KHz. I-boost transformer ithatha i-high-frequency magnetic core material, ngoko ke incinci ngobukhulu kwaye ilula ngobunzima. Emva kokuguqulwa kwe-high-frequency inversion, iguqulwa ibe yi-high-frequency alternating current ngokusebenzisa i-high-frequency transformer, emva koko i-high-voltage ngqo yangoku (ngokubanzi ngaphezu kwe-300V) ifunyenwe ngesekethe yokucoca i-high-frequency rectifier, kwaye emva koko iguqulwe ngokusebenzisa isekethe ye-inverter yamandla ombane.
Ngesi sakhiwo sesiphaluka, amandla e-inverter aphuculwe kakhulu, ukulahlekelwa komthwalo we-inverter kuyancipha ngokuhambelanayo, kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kuphuculwe. Ukungalungi kwesekethe kukuba isiphaluka sinzima kwaye ukuthembeka kungaphantsi kwezi zijikelezo zimbini zingasentla.
Ulawulo lwesekethe ye-inverter circuit
Iisekethe eziphambili ze-inverters ezikhankanywe ngasentla zonke kufuneka zifezekiswe yisekethe yokulawula. Ngokubanzi, kukho iindlela ezimbini zokulawula: i-square wave kunye ne-positive kunye ne-wave engenamandla. I-inverter power supply circuit kunye ne-square wave output ilula, iphantsi kweendleko, kodwa iphantsi ekusebenzeni kwaye inkulu kumacandelo e-harmonic. . Ukukhutshwa kwamaza e-Sine yindlela yokuphuhlisa i-inverters. Ngophuhliso lwetekhnoloji ye-microelectronics, ii-microprocessors ezinemisebenzi ye-PWM nazo ziye zaphuma. Ke ngoko, itekhnoloji yokuguqula i-sine wave ikhulile.
1. Ii-inverters ezine-square wave output ngoku zisebenzisa ubukhulu becala i-pulse-width modulation circuits ezidibeneyo, ezifana ne-SG 3 525, TL 494 njalo njalo. Ukuziqhelanisa kubonakalise ukuba ukusetyenziswa kweesekethe ezihlanganisiweyo ze-SG3525 kunye nokusetyenziswa kwee-FET zamandla njengokutshintsha amacandelo ombane kunokuphumeza ukusebenza okuphezulu kunye nee-inverters zamaxabiso. Ngenxa yokuba i-SG3525 inamandla okuqhuba ngokuthe ngqo amandla e-FETs Ubuchule kwaye inomthombo wesalathiso wangaphakathi kunye neamplifier yokusebenza kunye nomsebenzi wokukhusela umbane, ngoko ke i-peripheral circuit ilula kakhulu.
2. Ukulawulwa kwe-inverter yesiphaluka esidibeneyo kunye ne-sine wave output, isiphaluka sokulawula i-inverter kunye ne-sine wave output inokulawulwa yi-microprocessor, njenge-80 C 196 MC eveliswe yi-INTEL Corporation, kwaye iveliswe yi-Motorola Company. I-MP 16 kunye ne-PI C 16 C 73 eveliswe yi-MI-CRO CHIP Inkampani, njl. Ezi khompyutha ze-single-chip zinejeneretha ezininzi ze-PWM, kwaye zinokuseta iingalo zebhulorho ephezulu nangaphezulu. Ngexesha lokufa, sebenzisa i-INTEL ye-80 C 196 MC yenkampani ye-INTEL ukuqonda i-sine wave output circuit, i-80 C 196 MC ukugqiba ukuveliswa komqondiso wamaza e-sine, kunye nokubona i-voltage ye-AC yokuphuma ukuphumeza ukuzinza kwe-Voltage.
Ukukhethwa kwezixhobo zaMandla kwiSekethe ePhambili ye-Inverter
Ukhetho lwamacandelo amandla aphambili einverteribaluleke kakhulu. Okwangoku, awona macandelo asetyenziswa kakhulu amandla aquka i-Darlington power transistors (BJT), i-power field effect transistors (MOS-F ET), i-insulated gate transistors (IGB). T) kunye nokucima i-thyristor (GTO), njl. njl., ezona zixhobo zisetyenziswa kakhulu kwiinkqubo ezincinci ze-voltage eziphantsi yi-MOS FET, kuba i-MOS FET inomlinganiselo ophantsi we-voltage ye-state kunye nangaphezulu. isetyenziswe kwiinkqubo zombane ophezulu kunye nomthamo omkhulu. Oku kungenxa yokuba ukuxhathisa kwimeko ye-MOS FET kunyuka ngokunyuka kwamandla ombane, kwaye i-IG BT ikwinkqubo yomthamo oPhakathi ithatha inzuzo enkulu, ngelixa kwiinkqubo zomthamo omkhulu (ngaphezu kwe-100 kVA), ii-GTO zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi. njengamacandelo amandla.
Ixesha lokuposa: Oct-21-2021
